Glossary

Argument: a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong

Inductive Argument: that is intended by the arguer to be strong enough that, if the premises were to be true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false

Sound Argument: is valid and whose premises are all true

Conclusion: a judgment or decision reached by reasoning

Imitation: a thing intended to simulate or copy something else

Ad Hominem:  involves commenting on or against an opponent, to undermine him instead of his arguments

Red Herring: a kind of fallacy that is an irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue

Belief: an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists

Fallacy: defects that weaken arguments

Premise: The claims given as reasons for thinking the conclusion of the argument is true

Epistemology: Study and theory of knowledge

Sincerity: Whether the artist has personally felt the feeling being invoked or not

hasty generalization (lecture)- these fallacies occur when you draw a conclusion based on a small sample size, rather than looking at statistics that are much more in line with the typical or average situation.

slippery slope (lecture)- These fallacies occur when someone assumes a very small action will lead to extreme outcomes. 

appeal to authority (lecture)- These fallacies occur when someone accepts a truth on blind faith just because someone they admire said it.

straw man (lecture)-These fallacies occur when someone appears to be refuting the original point made, but is actually arguing a point that wasn’t initially made

equivocation (lecture)- Equivocation is sliding between two or more different meanings of a single word or phrase that is important to the argument.

false dilemma (lecture)- These fallacies occur when someone is only given two choices for possible alternatives when more than two exist.

band wagon (lecture)- These fallacies occur when a proposition is claimed to be true or good solely because many people believe it to be so.

sweeping generalizations (lecture)- These fallacies occur when a very broad application is applied to a single premise.

appeal to pity (lecture)- These fallacies occur when someone seeks to gain acceptance by pointing out an unfortunate consequence that befalls them.

belief- (lecture)-an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.

imitation (lecture)- copying the words, facial expressions, or actions of another person

mimesis(another word for imitation)- representation or imitation of the real world in art and literature 

conclusion- (lecture)-The outcome of an argument which is inferred from the given premises.

deductive reasoning (lecture)- the process of making a logical argument by applying known facts, definitions, properties, and the law of logic.

plausible (lecture)- when an argument or statement seems reasonable or probable.

equivocate (lecture)- use ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.

memento (the movie)- an object kept as a reminder or souvenir of a person or event.

Ethics (lecture)-the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles.

injustice (lecture)- lack of fairness

Allegory(plato)- a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

reality(plato)- The state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them.

Phantasms (Plato) – a figment of the imagination

Determinism (Determinism) – the doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will

free will (determinism)- the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate.

Arbitrarily (Frankfort) – on the basis of random choice or personal whim

Innocuous (Frankfort)- not harmful or offensive

momentous: decision in that moment, life changing decision, there is no other time that you will be faced with this opportunity, once in a life time kind of thing.

existentialism (sarte)- a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.